![]() (a) Whoever, with intent to convert a trade secret, that is related to or included in a product that is produced for or placed in interstate or foreign commerce, to the economic benefit of anyone other than the owner thereof, and intending or knowing that the offense will, injure any owner of that trade secret, knowingly. (b) Organizations.-Any organization that commits any offense described in subsection (a) shall be fined not more than $10,000,000. ![]() Shall, except as provided in subsection (b), be fined not more than $500,000 or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both. (5) conspires with one or more other persons to commit any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3), and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, (4) attempts to commit any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3) or (3) receives, buys, or possesses a trade secret, knowing the same to have been stolen or appropriated, obtained, or converted without authorization ![]() (2) without authorization copies, duplicates, sketches, draws, photographs, downloads, uploads, alters, destroys, photocopies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends, mails, communicates, or conveys a trade secret (1) steals, or without authorization appropriates, takes, carries away, or conceals, or by fraud, artifice, or deception obtains a trade secret (a) In General.-Whoever, intending or knowing that the offense will benefit any foreign government, foreign instrumentality, or foreign agent, knowingly. 1811, substituted “Applicability to conduct” for “Conduct” in item 1837. Organisations need to adopt human and technology-based intelligence processes to prevent damaging impact from these activities.2002-Pub. ![]() The massive increase in working from home has led to a corresponding reduction in the effectiveness of risk management and information security.Ī logical conclusion is that the Covid WFH category has increased the opportunities for organisations to be the target of industrial and economic espionage. If we take into consideration that in Pre-Covid era employees primarily worked in offices and the security around information management was more easily monitored and controlled. This activity also needs the human factor to substantiate the validity and usefulness of the data. In other words, perpetrators of industrial or economic espionage will adopt and learn new emerging technologies to obtain information. This is a major factor, that according to (AUSTLII, 2000) means, “Criminals will organise themselves, adopting all those strategic information technologies useful in order to retrieve, manage and communicate important information.” The reason for dividing the world into these two main categories is that technology, particularly IT technology, has evolved tremendously in the past two decades, leading to information being scattered around the globe in different locations and in different types of protective environments. I’m going to focus on the two known categories. Going forward, there is likely to be a third category, that of Post-Covid. Firstly, Pre-Covid and a new category, Covid WFH (working from home). Right now, we can divide our way of living and working in two main categories. Globalisation has enabled the world to evolve at an incredible speed, with new technologies emerging on a daily basis. Technical Factor – which explores vulnerabilities of IT and Cyber Security Human Factor – by nature this is either the strongest or simultaneously the weakest link in preventing espionage activitiesĢ. However, here I want to examine two key elements of why industrial or economic espionage is successful and how competitors or foreign countries exploit them.ġ. In previous pieces, I have discussed industrial and economic espionage along with the purpose and examples of those activities. Industrial and economic espionage are clearly interrelated. “Industrial espionage is the same as economic espionage, except that rather than benefiting a foreign government, it benefits another private entity’.”.“Economic espionage refers to targeting or acquiring trade secrets from domestic companies or government entities to knowingly benefit a foreign state’”.(Button, 2020) in his article quoted definitions from Wagner’ (Wagner, E.R., 2011) to explain and distinguish the differences between economic and industrial espionage: Revising our Understanding of Industrial and Economic EspionageĮconomic and industrial espionage come from a different base, but their activities are similar.
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